The heddles with warp ends to be pulled up were manually selected by a second operator, the draw boy, not the weaver. Traditionally, figured designs were made on a drawloom.
This use of replaceable punched cards to control a sequence of operations is considered an important step in the history of computing hardware, having inspired Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine. The process can also be used for patterned knitwear and machine-knitted textiles, such as jerseys. The term "Jacquard" is not specific or limited to any particular loom, but rather refers to the added control mechanism that automates the patterning. This mechanism is probably one of the most important weaving innovations as Jacquard shedding made possible the automatic production of unlimited varieties of complex pattern weaving. Multiple rows of holes were punched on each card, with one complete card corresponding to one row of the design.īoth the Jacquard process and the necessary loom attachment are named after their inventor. The machine was controlled by a "chain of cards" a number of punched cards laced together into a continuous sequence.
The machine was invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804, based on earlier inventions by the Frenchmen Basile Bouchon (1725), Jean Baptiste Falcon (1728), and Jacques Vaucanson (1740). The resulting ensemble of the loom and Jacquard machine is then called a Jacquard loom. The Jacquard machine ( French: ) is a device fitted to a loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with such complex patterns as brocade, damask and matelassé. A Jacquard loom showing information punchcards, National Museum of Scotland
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